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In studying the electrophysiology of cells it is often necessary to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane. To do this the electrode must measure from within the cell. Very small electrodes can be made with tip sizes ranging from 0.05 to 10 [u]m. They may be formed from solid metal needles, metal contained within or on the surface of glass needles, or from a glass micropipette having the lumen filled with electrolytic solution. The electrode must be used with a special micromanipulator to enable the tip to be moved with precision through the cell wall.
Content and Design Copyright 2000 Dr. Malcolm C Brown. See Title Page for more details